The utilisation of health research in policy-making: Concepts, examples and methods of assessment

The importance of health research utilisation in policy-making, and of understanding the mechanisms involved, is increasingly recognised. Recent reports calling for more resources to improve health in developing countries, and global pressures for accountability, draw greater attention to research-informed policy-making. Key utilisation issues have been described for at least twenty years, but the growing focus on health research systems creates additional dimensions. The utilisation of health research in policy-making should contribute to policies that may eventually lead to desired outcomes, including health gains. In this article, exploration of these issues is combined with a review of various forms of policy-making. When this is linked to analysis of different types of health research, it assists in building a comprehensive account of the diverse meanings of research utilisation. Previous studies report methods and conceptual frameworks that have been applied, if with varying degrees of success, to record utilisation in policy-making. These studies reveal various examples of research impact within a general picture of underutilisation. Factors potentially enhancing utilisation can be identified by exploration of: priority setting; activities of the health research system at the interface between research and policy-making; and the role of the recipients, or 'receptors', of health research. An interfaces and receptors model provides a framework for analysis. Recommendations about possible methods for assessing health research utilisation follow identification of the purposes of such assessments. Our conclusion is that research utilisation can be better understood, and enhanced, by developing assessment methods informed by conceptual analysis and review of previous studies

How is the New Public Management applied in the occupational health care system? - decision-makers' and OH personnel's views in Finland

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In many countries occupational health care system is in change. Occupational health studies are mainly focused on occupational health substance and content. This study offers new perspectives on municipal OHS and its operations from management perspective.</p> <p>Aim</p> <p>The aim of this study is to analyse how New Public Management (NPM) doctrines are applied in the Finnish occupational health care system (OHS). The main focus is to describe and compare the views of decision-makers' and OH workers within the framework of NPM.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The data were collected by semi-structured interviews from 17 municipal decision-makers' and 26 municipal OH workers. Data was analyzed by examining coded data in a theory-driven way according to Hood's doctrine of NPM.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The doctrines were not as compatible with the OH personnel view as with the decision-makers' view. Decision-makers and OH personnel highlighted the strict criteria required for operation evaluation. Moreover, decision-makers strongly accentuated professional management in the public sector and the reorganization of public sector units. These were not equally relevant in OH personnel views. In OH personnel views, other doctrines (more attention to performance and accomplishments, emphasizing and augmentation of the competition and better control of public expense and means test) were not similarly in evidence, only weak evidence was observed when their importance viewed as medium by decision-makers. Neither of the respondents group kept the doctrine of management models of the private sector relevant.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The NPM and Hoods doctrine fitted well with OH research. The doctrine brought out view differences and similarities between decision-makers and OH personnel. For example, policymakers highlighted more strongly the structural change by emphasizing professional management compared to OH personnel. The need for reorganization of municipal OH, regardless of different operational preconditions, was obvious for both decision-makers and OH personnel. The adaptation of more clarify management to a municipal context is not trouble-free. The municipality systemic structure, complex operational environment, and reconciliation of political and officer authority set challenges to management of municipalities.</p

Propuesta de alternativa para la pacificación del tránsito frente a la sede 13 (calle 47 entre las carreras 13 y 14) de la Universidad Católica de Colombia

Trabajo de investigaciónEste proyecto busca generar espacios seguros para los peatones, con el fin de reducir los accidentes de tránsito, que al año 2018 según datos del IDECA, en la intersección de la carrera 13 con calle 47 se establecieron en 13. Gracias a las diferentes alternativas de pacificación del tránsito que se encuentran disponibles en la actualidad, se ha logrado disminuir los accidentes de tránsito, es por esto, que en esta investigación se propone diseñar un paso a nivel sobre la calle 47 entre Carreras 13 y 14, con el fin de ampliar las vías peatonales basándose en la cartilla de andenes para Bogotá de la Secretaria Distrital De Planeación y el Decreto 327 del 2004. De igual manera se verifico el nivel de servicio actual del andén del costado norte y el nivel de servicio que se prestará con las alternativas propuestas, finalmente se llevó a cabo una simulación de la condición actual de movilidad del corredor con el fin de determinar cómo se comportara el corredor con la alternativa planteada en la investigación. Todas las conclusiones de la investigación se basan en mejorar las condiciones de movilidad peatonal con el fin de conseguir una movilidad más segura y que no represente conflicto entre los diferentes actores viales del corredor.INTRODUCCIÓN 1. ANTECEDENTES Y JUSTIFICACIÓN 2. PLANTEAMIENTO Y FORMULACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA 3. OBJETIVOS 4. MARCO DE REFERENCIA 5. ALCANCES Y LIMITACIONES 6. METODOLOGÍA 7. VISITA DE CAMPO 8. INSPECCIÓN VISUAL DE SEGURIDAD 9. ESTUDIO DE LA ALTERNATIVA 10. DISEÑO DE LA ALTERNATIVA 11. MODELACIÓN EN PTV VISSIM 2020 VERSIÓN EDUCATIVA 12. CONCLUSIONES BIBLIOGRAFÍA ANEXOSPregradoIngeniero Civi